Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is becoming one of the most important diseases diagnosed in preventive medicine screening. The current age-adjusted incidence rate of DCIS is 32.5 per 100,000 women. For women 50–64 years of age, the incidence is approximately 88 per 100,000. Currently, for every 4 diagnoses of invasive breast cancer, there is 1 diagnosis of DCIS. Risk of DCIS is rare in women younger than 30 years of age and is low in women under 40 years of age, but increases steadily from ages 40–50. The risk of DCIS increases much more slowly after the age of 50, and it plateaus after the age of 60. Assuming constant incidence and survival rates, it is estimated that more than 1 million women will be living with diagnosed DCIS by 2020, with obvious social and political health ramifications. The question scientists are facing now, and the question women are beginning to ask their breast surgeons, is whether we are overdiagnosing and overtreating this disease. Should we be less aggressive and more tolerant toward this disease? We are aware that DCIS is a spectrum of different diseases and that we may have overdiagnosed and overtreated to a point, but we have also likely undertreated others. Despite randomized clinical trials and evidence-based recommendations, there are important regional and geographic differences in clinical management, reflecting both a cultural bias regarding, and the heterogeneity of, this disease. In this current issue, the authors present a detailed overview of the state of the art of the diagnosis and treatment of this disease as well as an overview of future tendencies and research. M. Badruddoja extensively reviews the most recent knowledge of epidemiology and risk factors for DCIS. L. Fortunato et al. and M. Amichetti et al. review all the randomized clinical trials on DCIS, giving an unbiased interpretation of the data that is helpful in the daily management of DCIS patients. K. Lambert et al., in their literature review facilitated by the Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases, consider randomized, nonrandomized, prospective, and retrospective studies with the goal of increasing understanding of the most important predictive factors for local recurrence, and of better selection of the use of radiation therapy and tamoxifen. The still debatable issue of sentinel node biopsy in DCIS is addressed by D. Boler et al., who present their experiences and discuss literature evidence. G. Scripcaru and I. M. …